Haemodynamic correlates of interictal and ictal epileptic discharges and ictal semiology using simultaneous scalp video-EEG-fMRI and intracranial EEG-fMRI

........................................................................................................... 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ 4 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... 11 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ 13 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................ 19 FUNDING SOURCES .......................................................................................... 21 FOREWORD ......................................................................................................... 22 OUTLINE AND STATEMENT OF PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION ................ 24 PUBLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS THESIS .................................... 26 CONFERENCE POSTERS AND TALKS RELATED TO THIS THESIS ......... 30 AWARDS .............................................................................................................. 31 SECTION 1: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................ 32 Chapter 1: Epilepsy in historical perspective ................................................... 32 1.1 Pre-Greek and Classical Greek Era (Before 500 BC 400 AD) ....... 32 1.1.1 Theories about Epilepsy ................................................................ 32 1.1.2 Clinical Concepts .......................................................................... 34 1.1.3 Diagnosis and Treatment ............................................................... 34 1.2 Middle-Ages around the World: 401-1500 AD ................................ 35 1.3 Western Renaissance (1501-1700 A.D.) ........................................... 36 1.4 Enlightenment (1701-1815) .............................................................. 36 1.5 Early Nineteenth Century Pre-Hughlings Jackson .......................... 37 1.6 Era of Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) ............................................. 38 1.7 Century of New Advancements ........................................................ 41 1.8 Perspectives and conclusion .............................................................. 41 Chapter 2: Epileptology: where do we stand? .................................................. 42 2.1 Definition of seizure and epilepsy ..................................................... 42 2.2 Burden of epilepsy ............................................................................. 42 2.3 Aetiology of epilepsy ........................................................................ 43